Nick Sieger: Tag railsconf

RailsConf 2007: Chris Wanstrath: Kickin' Ass with Cache-fu

2007-05-19T20:34:00+00:00

Chris is here to talk about games, since he used to work for Gamespot. He coded PHP, which is like training wheels without the bike. He had to sit in a glass cube and help keep the site running during E3 last year. There were 100 gajillion teenage boys during their lunch break hitting refresh, and it all blew up. Couldn’t even gzip the responses, because the servers heated up to much. They served 50M pages in a day, without downtime. They did it with Memcache.

Memcache is a distributed hash – multiple daemons running on different servers. Developed by Livejournal for their infrastructure, you just put up the servers, and they just work.

Should you use Memcache? No. YAGNI, UYRDNI (unless you really do need it).

Rails and Memcache

Fragments, Actions, Sessions, Objects, cache it all. You can use:

memcache-client (by Robot-coop guys/Eric Hodel). Marshal.unload is 40 times faster than Object.new/loading from the database.
CachedModel – integration with ActiveRecord
Fragment Cache Store
Memcache session store

…or…

`cache_fu`

Or, acts_as_cached. It knows about all the aforementioned objects, with a single YAML config file (config/memcached.yml). Word to the wise: don’t use names in your server config file. Use IPs, avoid BIND and connections to the servers with every connection. Don’t let DNS outages bring down your servers.

get_cache
expire_cache

This is all you need – if you’re using set_cache, you probably don’t understand how the plugin works. Expire cache on the “after save” hook, which allows you to cache ID misses as well.

class Presentation < ActiveRecord::Base
  acts_as_cached
  after_save :expire_cache
end

Example: only cache published items

class Presentation < ActiveRecord::Base
  acts_as_cached :conditions => 'published = 1'
end

Cached-scoped-finders (if somebody thinks of a good name, let Chris know). The idea is to move custom finder logic to a method on your model, and then wrap a cache-scoping thingy around it. cache_fu ties this up nicely by giving you a cached method on AR::Base.

class Topic < ActiveRecord::Base
  def self.weekly_popular
    Topic.find :all, ...
  end
end

Topic.cached(:weekly_popular)

Adding date to cache key with alias_method_chain:

def self.cache_key_with_date(id)
  ...
end

class << self
  alias_method_chain :cache_key, :date
end

Cached loads by ID: Topic.find(1, 2, 3) moves to Topic.get_cache(1, 2, 3), which can parallelize calls to memcached and bring them back as they’re ready.

user_ids = @topic.posts.map(&:user_id).uniq
@users = User.get_cache(user_ids)

You can also cache associations, so that you’re navigating associations via Memcache.

Cache overrides

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  before_filter :set_cache_override
  def set_cache_override
    ActsAsCached.skip_cache_gets = !!params[:skip_cache]
  end
end

reset_cache: Slow, uncached operations can sometimes queue up and wedge a site. Instead, issue cache resets on completion of a request, rather than expiring beforehand. That way, requests that continue to pile up will still use the cached copy until the rebuild is complete.

class Presentation < ActiveRecord::Base
  after_save :reset_cache
end

Versioning: a way to expire cache on new code releases

class Presentation < ActiveRecord::Base
  acts_as_cached :version => 1
end

Deployment: Chris recommends using Monit to ensure your Memcache servers are up.

libketama: consistent hashing that gives you the ability to redeploy Memcache servers without invalidating all the keys.

Q: Page caching? A: Nginx with native Memcache page caching, but outside of Rails domains.

Lots of other questions, but dude, Chris talks too fast!

RailsConf 2007: Bradley Taylor: Virtual Clusters

2007-05-19T19:30:06+00:00

How does Rails figure into virtualization? Bradley will cover this topic with examples and case studies. Along the way, hardware items may be mentioned, but are not critical. Really, it’s about the design of the clusters, not the bits of plumbing you use to connect them up.

Virtualization is partitioning of physical servers that allow you to run multiple servers on it. Xen, Virtuozzo, VMWare, Solaris containers, KVM, etc. Bradley uses Xen. The virtual servers share the same processor (hopefully multi-core), memory, storage, network cards (but with indepenent IP addresses), etc., but run independently of each other. VPS, slice, container, accelerator, VM, it’s all the same. Memory, storage, and CPU can be guaranteed with the virtualization layer.

Why would you do this? Consolidate servers for less hardware and cost; Isolate applications – bad apps don’t drag the server down, contain intrusions, use different software stacks; Replicate – easily create new servers and deploy in a standardized and automated way; Utilize – take advantage of all CPU, memory, storage, resources; Allocate resources, give a server exactly what it requires, grow/shrink up and down, and balance them. Bradley says, “Once you go to virtualization you won’t want to go back. Do the simplest thing that could possibly work.”

Virtual clusters, then, are a bunch of servers cooperating toward a common goal – if you have many versions or copies of one thing. More than one customer, more than one version of software, etc.

For Rails, this means a lot of things: you can have many development environments and stages, take advantage of memory isolation, protect against PHP/Java, and make multiple-server scaling accessible.

Examples

Two servers for production and staging
Three for web/db/staging
Mixed languages – instead of 1x1GB server use 3x300MB servers
High availability applications with fewer servers
Multiple applications – one server per application
Standardized roles/appliances – mail, ftp, dns, web, db

EastMedia

They can incubate customers in separate images
Dev/staging/production servers
Shared SVN/trac
2 physical servers => 8 virtual servers

Boom Design

Again, multiple stages
Customer staging, with lower uptime requirements
Low-traffic apps on a single server, but everything else gets its own dedicated server
2GB memory spread across 9 virtual servers

RailsConf 2007: Saturday Morning Keynotes

2007-05-19T17:22:42+00:00

Cyndi Mitchell – ThoughtWorks Studios

Enterprise (the “e” word)

Before IT got involved, “enterprise” was a bold new venture. Toyota manufacturing, Skype disruption of telephony.

Enterprise in terms of IT has come to mean bloatware, incompetence, corruption, waste of time, no value.

So this is the battle: The enterprise (to boldly go where no man has gone before) we need to reclaim vs. the bloatware/competence/corruption/fear-based selling etc.

RubyWorks – package stack with haproxy, mongrel, monit through an RPM repository

For JRuby support, call Ola.

Tim Bray – Web Guy from Sun Microsystems

Change the world that are better than just using a cool web framework: http://pragmaticstudio.com/donate/

Sun loves Ruby. Ruby and Rails, that is. The impact of the Ruby language is going to be at least as big as Rails is for web development.

Sun provided servers for Ruby 2.0 development, and can provide servers for your potentially cool, worthy, open source project, just drop Tim an email.

A few more obligatory plugs for NetBeans and Sun sponsoring the conference. “Pre-alpha,” he says. Hmm, I wonder what Tor would say about that!

JRuby: when would you use JRuby vs. Ruby? If you have no pain, keep using C Ruby. But if you have management concerns, deployment concerns, etc. then by all means do try it!

Obligatory handshake/sandal connection with ThoughtWorks and Cyndi – running Mingle (and cruisecontrol.rb) with JRuby.

Sun: “Hi, the answer is Java, what was the question?” So why would Sun want to support Ruby? Well, you guys are programmers. Programmers who deliver quality software fast. And those programmers need computers, and OSes, and web servers, and support and services, etc. Plug, plug, plug.

How do you make money on free products? Sun has open-sourcing Java, Solaris, even Sparc. Joyent is open-sourcing their stuff. Where does the money come from? 1. Adoption 2. Deployment 3. Monetization at the point of value

What if we win? Are our problems over? No, we’ll have to deal with Java. And .NET. And PHP. From the audience: And COBOL. The Network Is The Computer. The Network Is Heterogeneous. Deal with it. So how do we interoperate?

Just Run Java (and JRuby, of course!, and JavaScript, and PHP, etc.)
Use Atom/REST. Everything should have a publish button. Don’t use WS-DeathStar or WCF or WSIT.

Developer issues: Scaling, Static vs. Dynamic, Maintainability, Concurrency, Tooling, Integration, Time to Market. Which two of these matter the most?

Tim’s final assertion: Maintainability and Time to Market, and that’s why we’re all at RailsConf.

RailsConf 2007: Evan Weaver: Going Off Grid

2007-05-18T19:33:31+00:00

Evan is talking about leaving Rails as a full-stack framework and remixing bits and pieces for integration projects. He’s doing it in the context of a case study on Bio: a project at the University of Delaware working with DNA data in large SQL databases. Evan states that all of bioinformatics is an integration problem. (Me: That’s probably true of any research project where data is coming from multiple, varied sources. So where does Rails fit in this?)

So how do you cope with this? Use the Rails console as an admin interface, mapping AR onto the legacy schema.

Shadow (gem install shadow) is a REST-ful record server – a small Mongrel handler that allows you to manipulate the database remotely. It uses dynamic ActiveRecord classes that are created and trashed for each request.

Parallelization – uses the Sun 1 grid engine that distributes shell scripts across 128 nodes. Used for job and backend processing.

bioruby/bioperl/biopython – bioinformatics libraries in other languages – bioruby is not complete, but we still want to use Ruby, so he looked at ways of integrating Ruby with other languages. No RubyInline for Perl or Python, no up-to-date direct/C bindings. He ended up building a socket-level interface into python.

Admin tools to consider – streamlined, active_scaffold, autoadmin, Django (manage.py inspectdb; manage.py syncdb; manage.py runserver). (Wow, come to RailsConf, get a Django demo. Unexpected surprise!)

Extending Rails – has_many_polymorphs for easy creation directed graphs

Frustrating AR tidbits: has_many_through has a huge case statement, with sql strings everywhere, and tightly intertwined classes. Ugh.

Scaling big webapps: AR/SQL is not the way. Instead, go to a hyper-denormalized model, where the DB is just a big hash. This leads to things like berkeleydb, memcached, madeleine, etc. and MySQL just becomes a persistence store for memcache. One key is moving joins at write-time, so that reads don’t need to re-join associations. You’re essentially duplicating/caching the data out to each association, but this makes sharding/splitting of data easier. Example: Flickr user photos vs. photos placed in a group.

Evan doesn’t believe that SQL is a viable data store for webapps – I think he means large-scale webapps. Not everyone who’s trying to build a web application will run into these kinds of issues, so your mileage may vary. Still, it’s refreshing to see more people rebel against the incumbent 30-year gorilla of SQL.

RailsConf: Stefan Kaes - Rails Performance

2006-06-23T20:40:00+00:00

Stefan starts by citing a factor of 4-5 improvement in performance in Rails over the last year.

Performance, broken down

Latency – how fast
Throughput – how many
Utilization – how idle is the cpu
Cost efficiency – performance per unit cost

For completeness calculate the min, max, mean and standard deviation of these metrics and use the deviation as your guide for how reliable the data is.

Tools

Log files (level > Logger::DEBUG)
Rails Analyzer Tools (Eric Hodel)
Benchmarker (script/benchmarker)
DB vendor tools
Apache bench (ab or ab2)
httperf
railsbench (Stefan Kaes)

Railsbench

Railsbench measuress raw performance of rails request processing. It’s configured using config/benchmarks.yml and config/benchmarks.rb. These files let you control which requests get benchmarked, whether to create a new session when benchmarking them, etc.

Profiling Tools

Ruby Profiler
Zen Profiler
rubyprof
Rails profiler script
Ruby Performance Validator

At this point Stefan gave an overview of RPV, which appears to be a nifty tool that lets you get typical hotspot tree views of where time is spent in code. It currently only runs on Windows.

Session containers

In memory – if you server crashes…oops. Also doesn’t scale.
File system – easy to set up, scales with NFS, but slower than…
ActiveRecordStore – easy to set up since it comes with Rails, but much slower than…
SQLSessionStore – which uses the same table structure as ActiveRecordStore, but was written by Stefan to overcome performance issues with ActiveRecordStore. Setup is more involved.
memcached – slightly faster than SQLSessionStore, scales best, but setup is also more involved.
DrbStore – distributed ruby store

Caching

Full pages – fastest, complete pages are served on the filesystem. Web server bypasses appserver for rendering. If you have private pages, you can’t use it.
Actions – pages are cached after an action is rendered. The user ID can be used as part of the storage key.
Fragments – fragments can be cached in memory, on the file system, in a DrbStore, or in memcached. Memcached scales the best but doesn’t support expiring fragments by regular expression.

ActionController

Stefan recommends avoiding components, and replacing them with helpers or partials. He has not found a use for them.

ActionView

Don’t create unnecessary instance variables in the controller; creating them in the view with instance_variable_set and accessing with instance_variable_get is slow.

Helpers

pluralize – don’t use the inflector if you don’t need to, it’s expensive.
linkto and urlfor are among the slowest helpers, since they need to use routes. Instead, if you have page with lots of links, you might consider hard-coding the links. This reduces the amount of GC by up to 50% and the GC time down by a few percentage points (11.3% to 8.7% of total processing time).

ActiveRecord

use the :include option to prefetch associations, it avoids extra onesy-twosy SQL statements.
use piggy-backing plugin for has_one or belongs_to relationships – allows you to retrieve extra attributes from additional tables in the same fetch query.
Field values are retrieved from the DB mostly as strings, so type conversion happens on each access, which can be slow.

Language-level and miscellaneous issues

Method calls are the slowest – don’t needlessly create method abstractions
Short-circuit intermediate results to improve performance
Cache results in instance variables or class variables
Don’t call ObjectSpace.each_object on each request

Ruby Memory Management

designed for batch scripts, not long-running servers.
no generational garbage collection.
this is suboptimal for Rails because ASTs are stored on the heap (biggest portion of non-garbage for Rails apps), and get processed/traversed more often than they need to be
Railsbench includes a patch to allow one to recompile Ruby and tweak the garbage collector.

Rails Template Optimizer

Stefan has started a project to “compile” templates.
The idea is to cache results of some ERb scriptlets and essentially “compile” or replace the template with one that has more expressions expanded or inlined.
Code forthcoming; I assume you can stay tuned to Rails Express for news.

Questions

There was a question on JRuby – Stefan replied that it would certainly solve GC issues, but he doesn’t know if it’s in a state to be able to benchmark Rails requests.
What are your recommendations for a web server. I don’t have any.
Is horizontal or vertical scaling better? I don’t know, I’ve been focused on making single requests go fast, so I don’t have enough experience.

RailsConf: Mike Clark -- Introduction to Capistrano

2006-06-23T16:45:00+00:00

Introduction to Capistrano

Mike Clark has been Java-free for 15 months and 16 days. He’s here to talk about deployment with Capistrano.

First off, props to Jamis! There are several hundred people in the room and it’s a tribute to him.

Capistrano is about making it easy to deploy web applications. “Cap”, the short name has quickly become jargon in the Rails community. “Stop wasting time, just cap it!”

Capistrano is built to scale. From a single machine all the way up to clusters, it is intended to make application deployment as simple as the push of a button. That’s priceless for reducing friction as your project nears its first production live date, as well as subsequent maintenance releases.

Configuring Capistrano - create a recipe

Set the application name

set :application, "depot"

Set the repository

set :repository, "http://svn.yourhost.com/#{application}/trunk"

Roles

role :app, "app01.example.com", "app02.example.com"
role :web, "web01.example.com", "web02.example.com"
role :db, "db.example.com", :primary => true

Deployment Root

set :deploy_to, "/Library/Rails/#{application}"

Setup

Run cap setup once to setup the deployment directory structure on all the roles you’ve configured:

depot
  `- releases
  `- shared
       `- log
       `- system

First time deploy

Run cap update_code symlink. This checks out the code, adds a “current” symlink to the code on the remote machine that points to the timestamped releases directory where the code was checked out. You can then manually start your web server(s) if you wish.

New Release

Run cap deploy. The newly committed code to your repository gets pulled, a new release created, and it also restarts fcgi processes.

Rollback release

Run cap rollback. The “current” symlink gets updated to the previous release, and the fcgi processes get restarted.

Scheduled downtime

Run cap disable_web. A maintenance screen is put up during the maintenance period. This is great when you’re in firefighting mode and you don’t want to think, just get the page up there. To enable again, use cap enable_web.

Customization

Here are examples of several useful, real-world tasks. The fourth task shows aggregation of tasks together.

desc "locate ruby"
task :which_ruby, :roles => [:app] do
  puts "You're running:"
  run "which ruby"
end

task :current_revision do
  run "echo Current rev is #{revision}"
  run "echo Current rev is at #{releast_path}"
end

task :uptime, :roles => [:app, :web, :db] do
  run "uptime"
end

task :status do 
  which_ruby
  current_revision
  uptime
end

Channels and streams

Mike showed a log file tailing task here. I failed to capture the full task code, so you’re on your own here.

Hooks

task :before_deploy, :roles => [:app] do
  cleanup
end

task :after_update_code, :roles => [:app] do
  production_config = "path/to/database.yml"
  run "cp #{production_config} #{current_path}/config/database.yml"
end

Multiple configs

if where == "production"
  set :user, "ops_gal"
else
  set :user, "dev_guy"
end

Task libraries

You can creat a file full of extra, reusable tasks and simply require them in. The files can be published and installed as gems or placed anywhere on your load path.

Capistrano isn’t just for Rails

It’s great at shuttling files around and executing remote commands on the server. Mike describes some automation James Duncan Davidson did to replicate new servers into a cluster with the push of a button.

Assumptions

Capistrano, out of the box comes with some assumptions:

Remote servers talk POSIX
Same deploy structure and password on each machine
Web application uses FastCGI with Apache or Lighty

It looks like you can bend some of these assumptions if you are willing to write your own custom deployment tasks.

Take Home

Capistrano provides easy, consistent, worry-free deployment of new releases. The friction to deploying your app just got simpler, so you can go enjoy your life!

Notes and Questions

Can you use SSH public keys to authenticate? Yes, this is the most typical scenario.
You can use sudo to execute remote commands – this is built-in.
Can you/would you want to check out subsets of files on each server, rather than pulling all the code everywhere? So far most of our stuff has been on the same server, so this hasn’t been an issue. It seems like you would need to override deployment tasks for some roles.
Sometimes I want to deploy a lot, but what if the app is big, lots of media files? It can take a longer time to pull all the code. One solution I’ve seen is to check out once and rsync everywhere else. I haven’t had to do that myself.
Who can I talk to for promoting my own extensions into Capistrano. You probably don’t. Instead, publish your extensions, blog them, and see if it takes.
deploy_with_migrations – use with caution as it’s not as easy to rollback, and not all migrations can be rolled back cleanly.

RailsConf: Dave Thomas keynote

2006-06-23T15:12:00+00:00

Dave Thomas, Professional Cassandra

Intro

Dave starts by dissecting a google search and pointing out how the sponsored links sidebar contains a wealth of paid ads for various topics:

Hosting
Consulting
Commercial IDEs and tools
Alternatives to RoR!

Moving on to rubyforge, Dave examines some download stats, and points out that there have been 536835 downloads of Rails through gem install rails

Dave examines some Google trends mapping of ruby on rails vs the following, showing RoR catching up on some and overtaking others:

websphere
jboss
tapestry
spring framework
zend

3 Problems for Rails

Dave proceeds to give his own, tailored for Rails, version of David Hilbert’s famous “23 unsolved problems”…except due to time constraints, can only discuss three.

PDI

An acronym, PDI, has emerged on the Rails core team as a way to encourage people to contribute. Please Do Investigate

The challenge is to get new features to be proved out in the community before taking it into the core, the Rails core team is only 12 and has limited bandwidth, and that is the idea behind PDI

The three problem areas are:

Data integration
CRUD
Deployment

Data integrations

Dave mentions that he and David “disagree mildly” on the point of using constraints in the database.

automatic validation based on schema
work with foreign keys - make it easy to define in a migration
add a “belongs_to” relationship if a foreign key constraint is detected
primary key support, e.g., non-integer keys, particularly in migrations, and composite primary keys

The argument here is that real-world applications, and legacy databases today require these features, and Rails needs to be able to have answers to those questions if it wants to be viable in that area.

Dave is asking for distributed transactions now. Should we be pushing Rails into such an enterprisey direction? If you really need XA transactions, shouldn’t you be banished to a java world?

Non-database models would be a fabulous addition to rails. ActiveRecord::Base currently assumes that it’s talking to a sinle relational datastore. If we could integrate multiple disparate data soures, it would make integrations, REST data sources, and mashups much easier. Microsoft is doing this with LINQ today, and if Rails wants to keep up, it will need this.

Real-world CRUD

Dave is arguing that we should beef up scaffolding and make it useful. Scaffolding was the star of the initial 10 minute Rails video that started everything, but yet it’s the ugliest web 1.0 interface ever! No AJAX, no automatic, DRY, in-browser validation. But should we, can we really genericize these interfaces? Maybe a scaffolding widget/component system? It can and probably will happen, but at the momet I’m inclined to think that this will complicate things. Do we want Rails view to turn into Wicket widgets or ASP.NET components? It’s a completely different way of writing web programs. We’ll have to see how it plays out.

Deployment

Dave argues for improved deployment. Yes we have Capistrano, and it’s arguably the best web deployment mechanism in existence, but the web of knowledge required to deploy a Rails application is too large, varied and unwieldy.

Capistrano is a push model, ideal for small shops where the developers manage and maintain everything, but it’s not the real world. Larger shops have separate development and admin departments. They have stricter requirements for where files go, pre and post-deployment hooks, roles, passwords, security, etc. Capistrano currently falls down a bit in this environment.

Dave discusses cap --deploy-on: a hypothetical extension to Capistrano that would allow staged deployment to multiple servers, and the possibility to introduce workflow between developers and administrators. What if ISPs had a standardized infrastructure that would allow hobbyists to issue a cap --deploy-on and instantly have their apps running up on TextDrive, DreamHost, etc. To go further, what if we could deploy from rubygems? gem deploy <name> --on cap://my.isp.com. Typo installation would literally be a single command.

Closing

All developers need to be happy, so let’s make their lives easier!

RailsConf begins

2006-06-23T14:10:00+00:00

I got lucky with a last minute ticket and found a way to get to the First International Rails Conference in Chicago.

That’s me, hope to see you this weekend!

RailsConf: Mike Pence - Laszlo on Rails

2006-06-28T15:00:00+00:00

Mike Pence, professional web surfer, and Java free since March 15, talked about Sex, drugs, rock and roll or Laszlo on Rails.

Where are we going on the web?

Google Maps, Yahoo Music Engine, Google Spreadsheets – the web is looking more and more like a desktop application.
“Web two oh” – attention to design and more attractive interfaces
User customization a.k.a. “Pimp my site”
Use of rich media on the web, e.g., YouTube. It’s an expectation of the next generation of users that the web will be content-rich and an entertainment experience.
The Holy Grail! Applications that require no downloads, are instant/automatically updated, are distributed.

Open Laszlo

Pandora cited as an introductory example
Mike gave a 10 minute overview of Laszlo using the Open Laszlo Explorer.
Laszlo explorer shows you standard widgetry – canvas, text, buttons, windows, forms
The power of Laszlo starts to show with data sets, with convenient data binding utilities, an extensible object model, and a declarative style. Mike showed 10 lines of code with a checkbox that controlled the visibility of a window, without having to attach an event handler to the checkbox.
http://www.openlaszlo.org/ has the 10 minute overview (explorer) and many other demos including LZPIX, which Mike demoed.
The newest version of Laszlo has DHTML support that allows a flash app to be served as DHTML instead, with little difference. Laszlo gives you the power of one runtime that rises above browser incompatibilities.

Laszlo on Rails

Install # install laszlo gem install ropenlaszlo rails laszlo-app && cd laszlo-app ./script/plugin install svn://rubyforge.org/var/svn/laszlo-plugin/tags/openlaszlo
More info at http://laszlo-plugin.rubyforge.org/

Pros & Cons

Pro: Rich possibilities
- Blogbox – cross-site window
- Publish and subscribe for chat and collaboration, event-driven updates
Pro: deep API
Pro: in-browser development, like Seaside
Con: Consumes resources
Con: Accessibility, printability and searchability are not its strengths
Con: mature, yet requires experimentation
Con: performance can be an issue, especially on some older platforms

Store it away – Laszlo is a promising technology, it’s free and open source it’s here today, and it appears to be getting good at serving standards-based interfaces. When combined with Rails’ increasing support for RESTian interfaces, the task of building compatible, dynamic applications should only get easier.

RailsConf: Bill Katz - Metaprogramming Writertopia

2006-06-24T17:27:00+00:00

Bill Katz took a code-focused approach to explaining metaprogramming and DSLs.

Resources

http://www.writertopia.com/developers has an authorization plugin used in writertopia, which is the main focus of this talk.
http://www.simbiome.org and https://wimtk.org/svn/simbiome contain code for physics based simulation resources.

Bill applies Paul Graham’s quote on bottom-up design and lisp as justification for using Ruby to program DSLs.

Authorization plugin

In search of a better authorization scheme, Bill wanted an elegant syntax using blocks to delineate sections of code that require specific permissions, and a more intuitive way of managing the data surrounding access controls.

current_user.has_role? "moderator"
current_user.has_role? "member", workshop
workshop.accepts_role? "member", user

current_user.is_moderator_of workshop
user.is_eligible_for? campbell_award

Implementing `permit`

class MeetingController < ApplicationController
  permit "rubyists and wanna_be_rubyists", :except => :public_text

We need a class method. Where to put it? How does this work? (Insert pretty diagram of instance, singleton class and superclass here.) Metaclassees are “anonymous”, you don’t see them by looking at class ancestors.

ActionController::Base.send(:include, Authorization::Base)
ActionView::Base.send(:include, Authorization::Base::ControllerInstanceMethods)

Singleton methods from the point of view of the object are the same as instance methods in the metaclass. See slides on “How do we permit?” for details. Bill chose to tuck the DSL-related methods into modules and used self.included, class_eval and other goodies to set up the methods in the correct places. There is more than way to do this but I suspect Bill chose to do it for purposes of cleanly separating concerns along the lines of where in the class hierarchy the methods live.

ActiveRecord::Base.send(:include,
  Authorization::ObjectRolesTable::UserExtensions,
  Authorization::ObjectRolesTable::ModelExtensions)

This loads an acts_as_authorizable plugin which, when used in a model, inserts an accepts_role family of methods for querying and setting user roles.

Bill blazed through a whole lot of pretty-looking code here for how to set up the DSL infrastructure. You’ll have to go over to the writertopia developer link to see it. Bill has said he’ll post his slides online as well.

Questions

Use of method_missing – does that clash with ActiveRecord::Base usage of method_missing? No, as long as you use super to invoke the next method in the chain, you’re ok. Ruby module inclusion semantics handle this for you.
How to insert the class methods? A discussion started around ActionController::Base.send(:include, ...) and There is More Than One Way to Do It.

ActionController::Base.send(:include, Authorization::Base)

class ActionController::Base; include Authorization::Base; end

ActionController::Base.class_eval { include Authorization::Base }

Question about the class inheritance chain. There are actually two inheritance chains, one for the classes and one for the metaclasses. Resolution at method invocation time travels first to the object’s metaclass, then to the object’s class, then to the superclass of the singleton class, then the class’s superclass, etc. Blech, that makes no sense. Instead, go read Seeing Metaclasses Early.

Nick Sieger: Tag railsconf

RailsConf 2007: Chris Wanstrath: Kickin' Ass with Cache-fu

Rails and Memcache

cache_fu

RailsConf 2007: Bradley Taylor: Virtual Clusters

Examples

EastMedia

Boom Design

RailsConf 2007: Saturday Morning Keynotes

RailsConf 2007: Evan Weaver: Going Off Grid

RailsConf: Stefan Kaes - Rails Performance

Performance, broken down

Tools

Railsbench

Profiling Tools

Top Rails Performance Problems

Session containers

Caching

ActionController

ActionView

Helpers

ActiveRecord

Language-level and miscellaneous issues

Ruby Memory Management

Rails Template Optimizer

Questions

RailsConf: Mike Clark -- Introduction to Capistrano

Introduction to Capistrano

Configuring Capistrano - create a recipe

Set the application name

Set the repository

Roles

Deployment Root

Setup

First time deploy

New Release

Rollback release

Scheduled downtime

Customization

Channels and streams

Hooks

Multiple configs

Task libraries

Capistrano isn’t just for Rails

Assumptions

Take Home

Notes and Questions

RailsConf: Dave Thomas keynote

Dave Thomas, Professional Cassandra

Intro

3 Problems for Rails

PDI

Data integrations

Real-world CRUD

Deployment

Closing

RailsConf begins

RailsConf: Mike Pence - Laszlo on Rails

Where are we going on the web?

Open Laszlo

Laszlo on Rails

Pros & Cons

RailsConf: Bill Katz - Metaprogramming Writertopia

Resources

Authorization plugin

Implementing permit

Questions

`cache_fu`

Implementing `permit`